What are the primary functions of the cell membrane?

The primary functions of the cell membrane include protecting the cell and regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell. The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, allowing certain molecules to pass while keeping others out, thereby maintaining the internal environment of the cell. This characteristic is essential for processes such as nutrient uptake, waste removal, and maintaining proper ion balances.

Additionally, the cell membrane contains various proteins and lipids that contribute to its structure and function. These components are involved in signaling pathways, cell recognition, and the transport of materials, all of which are critical for the cell's overall health and functionality. The protective nature of the membrane ensures that the cell remains intact and safe from external threats, whether they are harmful substances or pathogens.