What is a fundamental characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are fundamentally characterized by the presence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The nucleus serves as a distinct compartment that houses the cell’s genetic material, allowing for more complex regulation of gene expression and cellular processes compared to prokaryotic cells, which do not have a true nucleus. Additionally, membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, enable compartmentalization of cellular functions, thereby increasing efficiency and allowing for more specialized activities within the cell. This structural complexity is a key distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells, facilitating advanced functions and higher levels of organization in multicellular organisms.