What is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through experimentation. It serves as a starting point for scientific inquiry and is often formulated based on preliminary observations or existing knowledge. The essence of a hypothesis lies in its testability; it must be structured in such a way that it can be supported or refuted through empirical evidence gathered during systematic experiments. This process allows researchers to gather data, analyze outcomes, and refine their understanding of a particular scientific question.

In contrast to the correct answer, a definitive conclusion reached after completing research represents a stage that comes after hypothesis testing, wherein a researcher summarizes their findings based on collected data. Established scientific facts are outcomes that have been widely accepted and repeatedly confirmed through rigorous studies, whereas a hypothesis remains in the realm of speculation until supported by empirical evidence. Lastly, while opinions may vary widely and can influence research perspectives, they do not hold the scientific rigor or testability that characterizes a hypothesis. Thus, option B is the only statement that accurately defines the role and nature of a hypothesis in the scientific method.