What term refers to the state transformation from gas back to liquid?

The term that refers to the state transformation from gas back to liquid is condensation. This process occurs when a gas cools down and the particles lose energy, resulting in a change of state as they come together to form a liquid. An everyday example of condensation can be found when water vapor in the air turns into droplets on a cold surface, such as a glass of ice water.

In contrast, freezing is the transformation from liquid to solid, evaporation refers to the change from liquid to gas, and melting is the process of changing from solid to liquid. Understanding these terms in the context of phase changes helps clarify their distinct roles in the states of matter.