Which statement best describes the scientific method?

The scientific method is best described as a systematic approach to research that includes observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, analysis, and conclusion. This structured process allows scientists to investigate questions, test predictions, and gather empirical evidence in a way that minimizes bias and maximizes reproducibility.

Starting with careful observation, researchers identify questions that arise from their surroundings or existing knowledge. They then formulate a hypothesis, which is a testable prediction about the outcome of their investigation. Experimentation is a critical step where variables are manipulated and controlled to gather data. After conducting experiments, researchers analyze the results to draw conclusions, which may either support or refute the original hypothesis. This cycle can lead to further experimentation and refinement of theories as new data emerges.

The other choices provided lack the rigor and structure inherent to the scientific method. A casual approach, for example, emphasizes a lack of systematic investigation and may not yield reliable results. Similarly, developing theories without experimentation overlooks the necessity of empirical evidence to support scientific claims. Finally, an informal method of inquiry based on assumptions does not incorporate the fundamental elements of hypothesis testing and evidence-based conclusions that define the scientific method.