Which type of scientific inquiry is characterized by observations and measurements?

Quantitative research is defined by its reliance on numerical data, which is collected through observations and measurements. This approach uses statistical tools to analyze data and draw conclusions, enables researchers to quantify relationships, and often seeks to identify patterns or test hypotheses through empirical data. The emphasis on measurement allows for a more objective assessment of variables, often in the form of graphs, tables, and charts, making it possible to generalize findings to a larger population.

In contrast, qualitative research typically focuses on understanding phenomena through descriptive data rather than numerical metrics. Theoretical research primarily focuses on developing and testing theories, and exploratory research aims at gaining insights into a problem or phenomenon, often without a specific hypothesis or numerical data collection in mind. Therefore, the characteristic of incorporating observations and measurements distinctly identifies quantitative research as the correct type of scientific inquiry in this context.